Rock Fracture
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Table of Contents
Fractures
Joints
Splay Joints
Echelon Joints
Fringe Joints
Composite Joints
Columnar Joints
Hybrid Joints
Pressure Solution Seams
Stylolites
Splay Pressure Solution Seams
Hybrid Pressure Solution Seams
Echelon Pressure Solution Seams
Composite Pressure Solution Seams
Deformation Bands
Volumetric Bands
Compaction Bands
Dilation Bands
Shear Bands
Splay Shear Bands
Echelon Shear Bands
Composite Shear Bands
Splay Deformation Bands
Splay Volumetric Bands
Splay Shear Bands
Echelon Deformation Bands
Echelon Volumetric Bands
Echelon Shear Bands
Composite Deformation Bands
Composite Volumetric Bands
Composite Shear Bands
Hybrid Deformation Bands
Faults
Echelon Faults
Composite Faults
Splay Faults
Conjugate Faults
Riedel Shear
Hybrid Faults
Hybrid Fractures
Hybrid Joints
Hybrid Pressure Solution Seams
Hybrid Deformation Bands
Hybrid Faults
Fracture Components
Components of Joints
Components of Pressure Solution Seams
Residues
Teeth of Stylolites
Components of Deformation Bands
Components of Volumetric Bands
Components of Shear Bands
Components of Faults
Pull-Aparts
Fault Segments
Fault Core
Fault Rock
Fault Breccias
Smeared Shale
Slip Surfaces, Slip Bands, and Slickensides
Fault Damage Zones
Fracture Zones
Joint Zones
Pressure Solution Seam Zones
Deformation Band Zones
Compaction Band Zones
Shear Band Zones
Fault Zones
Fracture Sets
Joint Sets
Pressure Solution Seam Sets
Deformation Band Sets
Compaction Band Sets
Shear Band Sets
Fault Sets
Fracture Multiple Sets
Multiple Joint Sets
Orthogonal Joint Sets
Non-orthogonal Joint Sets
Three or More Sets of Joints
Multiple Pressure Solution Seam Sets
Orthogonal PSS Sets
Non-Orthogonal PSS Sets
Multiple Deformation Band Sets
Multiple Compaction Band Sets
Multiple Shear Band Sets
Multiple Fault Sets
Multiple Normal Fault Sets
Multiple Thrust Fault Sets
Multiple Strike-slip Fault Sets
Fracture Domains
Joint Domains
Pressure Solution Seam Domains
Deformation Band Domains
Compaction Band Domains
Shear Band Domains
Fault Domains
Fracture Assemblages
Assemblages of Joints and Other Fracture Types
Assemblages of Joints / Veins and Pressure Solution Seams
Assemblages of Joints / Veins, Pressure Solution Seams, and Faults
Assemblages of Joints and Deformation Bands
Assemblages of Joints, Deformation Bands and Faults
Assemblages of Joints and Faults
Assemblages of Pressure Solution Seams and Faults
Assemblages of Pressure Solution Seams and Deformation Bands
Assemblages of Different Types of Faults
Assemblages of Deformation Bands, Joints, and Faults
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Fractures
Mechanisms of Deformation
Micromechanics of Deformation
Micromechanism of Pressure Solution
Dissolution under Pressure
Diffusion
Precipitation and Recrystallization
Dislocation
Particulate Flow
Change of Pore Space
Intergrain Motion
Cataclastic Flow
Fracture Mechanics - Basic Premises
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Joints
Initiation of Joints
Propagation of Joints
Mode I Joint Propagation
Mixed Mode (Modes I/II and I/III) Joint Propagation
Joint Propagation Direction
Joint Propagation Velocity
Termination of Joints
Interaction of Joints
Growth of Joint Arrays - Fracture Saturation and Fracture Infilling
Growth of Joints
Growth of Orthogonal Joint Sets
Growth of Columnar Joints
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Joint Zones
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Joint Sets
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Multiple Joint Sets
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Orthogonal Joint Sets
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Non-orthogonal Systems
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Joint Domains
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Echelon Joints
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Splay Joints
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Composite Joints
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Columnar Joints
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Pressure Solution Seams
Initiation of Pressure Solution Seams
Propagation of Pressure Solution Seams
Anticrack Model
Localized Volume Reduction Model
Growth of Pressure Solution Seams
Thickening of Pressure Solution Seams
Interaction of Pressure Solution Seams
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Pressure Solution Seam Zones
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Pressure Solution Seam Set
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Multiple Pressure Solution Seam Sets
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Orthogonal PSS Sets
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Non-orthogonal PSS Sets
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Splay Pressure Solution Seams
Factors Affecting Pressure Solution
Pressure Solution and the Role of Water
Pressure Solution and Pore Fluid Chemistry
Pressure Solution and Temperature
Pressure Solution and Pressure
Pressure solution and Clay Content
Pressure Solution and Grain Size
Pressure Solution and Time (Rate)
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Deformation Bands
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Volumetric Bands
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Shear Bands
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Echelon Shear Bands
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Deformation Band Zones
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Shear Band Zone
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Compaction Band Zones
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Deformation Band Sets
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Shear Band Sets
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Compaction Band Sets
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Multiple Deformation Band Sets
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Multiple Compaction Band Sets
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Multiple Shear Band Sets
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Deformation Band Domains
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Shear Band Domains
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Compaction Band Domains
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Faults
Faulting based on Shearing of Initial Weaknesses
Faulting by Shearing of Bedding Planes
Faulting by Shearing of Dikes
Faulting by Shearing of Joints
Faulting by Shearing of Pressure Solution Seams
Faulting by Shearing of Orthogonal Sets of Joints
Faulting by Shearing of Orthogonal Sets of Pressure Solution Seams
Faulting by Shearing of Vein and Pressure Solution Seam Assemblages
Faulting by Shear Localization into Narrow Bands by Bifurcation
Faulting by Shale Smearing
Faulting by a Mixture of Mechanisms
Faults in Carbonate Rocks, Majella Mountains, Italy
Faulting by Other Mechanisms
Andersonian and Mohr-Coulomb Theory of Faulting
High Fluid Pressure Ratio Model
Slip Line Theory
Faulting by Superplasticity
Faulting by Phase Transformation
Supershear
Initiation of Faults
Initiation of Faults based on Shear Banding
Propagation of Faults
Interaction of Faults
Material Rotation
Fault Segment Linkage
Growth of Faults
Growth of Faults based on Sequential Shearing of Initial Discontinuities
Growth of Faults based on Shale Smearing
Growth of Faults based on Folding and Thrusting of Multilayers
Growth of Faults based on Shear Banding
Growth of Faults based on Mixed Failure Modes
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Fault Zones
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Multiple Fault Sets
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Multiple Normal Fault Sets
North Sea Fault In-fill Modeling
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Multiple Thrust Fault Sets
Mechanism and Mechanics of Multiple Strike-slip Fault Sets
Faults with Apparent Conjugate Pattern based on Sheared Joints and Their Splays
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Fault Domains
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Echelon Faults
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Splay Faults
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Composite Faults
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Fracture Zones
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Fracture Sets
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Multiple Fracture Sets
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Fracture Domains
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Fracture Assemblages
Interaction of Joints and Pressure Solutions
Properties of Fractures
Petrophysical Properties
Petrophysical Properties of Joints
Surface Morphology / Roughness of Joints - Plumose Structure
Origin
Hackle Marks
Rib Marks
Mirror and Mist
Joint Aperture
Petrophysical Properties of Pressure Solution Seams
Surface Morphology of Pressure Solution Seams
Porosity and Permeability of Pressure Solution Seams
Strain of Pressure Solution Seams
Petrophysical Properties of Deformation Bands
Petrophysical Properties of Compaction Bands
Grain Size Distribution in Compaction Bands
Porosity and Permeability of Compaction Bands
Petrophysical Properties of Shear Bands
Porosity and Permeability of Shear Bands
Grain Size Distribution in Shear Bands
Petrophysical Properties of Faults
Surface Morphology of Faults
Grain Size Distribution of Fault Rocks
Grain Size Distribution of Sheared Joint-based Faults
Grain Size Distribution of Fault Rock in Dynamic Faulting
Grain Size Distribution in Shear Bands
Porosity and Permeability of Faults
Porosity and Permeability of Sheared Joint-based Faults in Sandstone
Porosity and Permeability of Sheared Pressure Solution Seam-based Faults in Carbonates
Porosity and Permeability of Shear Bands
Porosity and Permeability of Shale and Smeared Shale
Porosity and Permeability affected by Juxtaposition
Upscaled Fault Porosity and Permeability
Capillary Pressure
Capillary Pressure of Sheared Joint-based Faults in Sandstone
Capillary Pressure of Pressure Solution Seam-based Faults in Carbonates
Capillary Pressure of Faults with Shale Smear
Grain Size
Grain Size Distribution in Compaction Bands
Grain Size Distribution of Fault Rocks
Grain Size Distribution of Sheared Joint-based Faults
Grain Size Distribution of Fault Rock in Dynamic Faulting
Grain Size Distribution in Shear Bands
Strength
Strength of Sandstone Affected by Quartz Cementation
Porosity and Permeability
Porosity and Permeability of Pressure Solution Seams
Porosity and Permeability of Compaction Bands
Porosity and Permeability of Faults
Porosity and Permeability of Sheared Joint-based Faults in Sandstone
Porosity and Permeability of Sheared Pressure Solution Seam-based Faults in Carbonates
Porosity and Permeability of Shear Bands
Porosity and Permeability of Shale and Smeared Shale
Porosity and Permeability affected by Juxtaposition
Upscaled Fault Porosity and Permeability
P-wave Anisotropy
Surface Morphology
Surface Morphology / Roughness of Joints - Plumose Structure
Origin
Hackle Marks
Rib Marks
Mirror and Mist
Surface Morphology of Pressure Solution Seams
Surface Morphology of Faults
Fracture Toughness
Geostatistical Properties
Geostatistical Properties of Fracture Elements
Geostatistical Properties of Joints
Joint Length Distribution
Joint Height Distribution
Joint Aperture Distribution
Joint Aperture - Length Scaling
Geostatistical Properties of Pressure Solution Seams
Pressure Solution Seam Length Distribution
Pressure Solution Seam Height Distribution
Pressure Solution Seam Thickness Distribution
Pressure Solution Seam Thickness - Length Scaling
Pressure Solution Seam Spacing - Layer Thickness Scaling
Pressure Solution Seam Roughness (Amplitude of Stylolites)
Pressure Solution Seam Growth and Scaling
Geostatistical Properties of Deformation Bands
Geostatistical Properties of Shear Bands
Shear Band Length
Shear Band Height
Shear Band Thickness
Shear Band Displacement
Shear Band Length - Thickness Scaling
Shear Band Length - Displacement Scaling
Shear Band Displacement - Thickness Scaling
Shear Band Patterns
Geostatistical Properties of Compaction Bands
Compaction Band Length
Compaction Band Height
Compaction Band Thickness
Compaction Band Length - Thickness Scaling
Compaction Band Patterns
Geostatistical Properties of Faults
Scaling Properties of Faults
Scaling between Fault Rock Width and Fault Slip
Scaling between Fault Length and Fault Damage Zone Width
Scaling between Fault Length and Maximum Splay Length
Scaling between Fault Length and the Number of Segments per Unit Length
Scaling between Fault Length and Fault Maximum Slip
Scaling between Fault Step Length and Step Width
Fault Slip Distribution
Net Slip
Fault Separation
Slip Distribution along Faults with Unidentified Formation Mechanism
Slip Distribution along Shear Bands
Fault Length Distribution
Fault Segment Length Distribution
Fault Splay Length Distribution
Fault Thickness Distribution
Thickness Distribution of Fault Rock
Thickness Distribution of Damage Zone
Fault Spacing Distribution
Fault Damage Zone Fracture Distribution
Splay (Kink) Angle Distribution
Geostatistical Properties of Fracture Zones
Geostatistical Properties of Joint Zones
Length of Joint Zones
Width of Joint Zones
Joint Zone Spacing
Scaling of Joint Zone Network
Geostatistical Properties of Pressure Solution Seam Zones
Geostatistical Properties of Deformation Band Zones
Geostatistical Properties of Compaction Band Zones
Geostatistical Properties of Shear Band Zones
Shear Band Zone Length - Displacement Scaling
Geostatistical Properties of Fault Zones
Geostatistical Properties of Fracture Sets
Geostatistical Properties of Pressure Solution Seam Sets
Pressure Solution Seam Spacing
Geostatistical Properties of Joint Sets
Joint Spacing
Joint Spacing Distribution
Columnar Joint Spacing
Joint Spacing - Layer Thickness Scaling
Joint Spacing Affected by Rock Subcritical Index
Joint Spacing Affected by Strain
Geostatistical Properties of Deformation Band Sets
Geostatistical Properties of Compaction Band Sets
Compaction Band Spacing - Bed Thickness Scaling
Geostatistical Properties of Shear Band Sets
Geostatistical Properties of Fault Sets
Fault Spacing Distribution
Geostatistical Properties of Fracture Multiple Sets
Geostatistical Properties of Multiple Pressure Solution Seam Sets
Geostatistical Properties of Multiple Joint Sets
Geostatistical Properties of Columnar Joints
Geostatistical Properties of Multiple Deformation Band Sets
Geostatistical Properties of Multiple Fault Sets
Properties of Joints
Geostatistical Properties of Joints
Joint Length Distribution
Joint Height Distribution
Joint Aperture Distribution
Joint Aperture - Length Scaling
Petrophysical Properties of Joints
Surface Morphology / Roughness of Joints - Plumose Structure
Origin
Hackle Marks
Rib Marks
Mirror and Mist
Joint Aperture
Properties of Pressure Solution Seams
Geostatistical Properties of Pressure Solution Seams
Pressure Solution Seam Length Distribution
Pressure Solution Seam Height Distribution
Pressure Solution Seam Thickness Distribution
Pressure Solution Seam Thickness - Length Scaling
Pressure Solution Seam Spacing - Layer Thickness Scaling
Pressure Solution Seam Roughness (Amplitude of Stylolites)
Pressure Solution Seam Growth and Scaling
Petrophysical Properties of Pressure Solution Seams
Surface Morphology of Pressure Solution Seams
Porosity and Permeability of Pressure Solution Seams
Strain of Pressure Solution Seams
Solubility of Minerals and Rocks
Properties of Deformation Bands
Geostatistical Properties of Deformation Bands
Geostatistical Properties of Shear Bands
Shear Band Length
Shear Band Height
Shear Band Thickness
Shear Band Displacement
Shear Band Length - Thickness Scaling
Shear Band Length - Displacement Scaling
Shear Band Displacement - Thickness Scaling
Shear Band Patterns
Geostatistical Properties of Compaction Bands
Compaction Band Length
Compaction Band Height
Compaction Band Thickness
Compaction Band Length - Thickness Scaling
Compaction Band Patterns
Petrophysical Properties of Deformation Bands
Petrophysical Properties of Compaction Bands
Grain Size Distribution in Compaction Bands
Porosity and Permeability of Compaction Bands
Petrophysical Properties of Shear Bands
Porosity and Permeability of Shear Bands
Grain Size Distribution in Shear Bands
Properties of Faults
Geostatistical Properties of Faults
Scaling Properties of Faults
Scaling between Fault Rock Width and Fault Slip
Scaling between Fault Length and Fault Damage Zone Width
Scaling between Fault Length and Maximum Splay Length
Scaling between Fault Length and the Number of Segments per Unit Length
Scaling between Fault Length and Fault Maximum Slip
Scaling between Fault Step Length and Step Width
Fault Slip Distribution
Net Slip
Fault Separation
Slip Distribution along Faults with Unidentified Formation Mechanism
Slip Distribution along Shear Bands
Fault Length Distribution
Fault Segment Length Distribution
Fault Splay Length Distribution
Fault Thickness Distribution
Thickness Distribution of Fault Rock
Thickness Distribution of Damage Zone
Fault Spacing Distribution
Fault Damage Zone Fracture Distribution
Splay (Kink) Angle Distribution
Petrophysical Properties of Faults
Surface Morphology of Faults
Grain Size Distribution of Fault Rocks
Grain Size Distribution of Sheared Joint-based Faults
Grain Size Distribution of Fault Rock in Dynamic Faulting
Grain Size Distribution in Shear Bands
Porosity and Permeability of Faults
Porosity and Permeability of Sheared Joint-based Faults in Sandstone
Porosity and Permeability of Sheared Pressure Solution Seam-based Faults in Carbonates
Porosity and Permeability of Shear Bands
Porosity and Permeability of Shale and Smeared Shale
Porosity and Permeability affected by Juxtaposition
Upscaled Fault Porosity and Permeability
Capillary Pressure
Capillary Pressure of Sheared Joint-based Faults in Sandstone
Capillary Pressure of Pressure Solution Seam-based Faults in Carbonates
Capillary Pressure of Faults with Shale Smear
Case Studies
Fractures in Monterey Formation, CA, USA
Fractures in E. Kaibab Monocline, UT-AZ, USA
Fractures in Bays Mountain, TN, USA
Fractures in Bristol Channel, UK
Fractures in Waterpocket Monocline, UT, USA
Fractures in Maiella Mountains, Apennines, IT
Fractures in Valley of Fire, Nevada, USA
Fractures in McKinleyville, CA, USA
Fractures in Sierra Nevada, CA, USA
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